仁爱版 初中英语8年级上册Unit 1知识点

科普版八年级英语知识点汇总

Unit1 Playing Sports U1T11. Be going to do sth.（后面加动词原形，表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，意为“准备；打算”，也表示推测将要或肯定会发生的动作）否定句：be not going to do sth.疑问句：be sb. going to do sth.?特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+sb. going to do sth.?2. see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事，强调看见事情的全过程或事情的经常性. 重复性发生see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。类似单词watch，hear等3. cheer sb. on为……加油，向……欢呼（宾语放在中间）cheer sb. up(使)……振作/高兴起来（宾语放在中间）4. practice sth.练习某事practice doing sth.练习做某事5. prefer(过去式preferred，现在分词preferring)=like better用法：(1)prefer sth.更喜欢某物(2)prefer A to B 相对于B更喜欢A(3)prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事(4)prefer doing A to doing B相对于做B事喜欢做A事6. join & join inJoin：后加团队，组织，俱乐部join in=take part in=be in：后加活动7. wish & hopewish(1)wish+从句(2)wish to do sth.希望做某事(3)wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事hope(1)hope +that从句(2)hope to do sth.希望做某事8. a bit=a little有一点，修饰形容词a bit of+不可数名词=a little+不可数名词quite a bit/a little=quite a lot相当多的9. 句式：主语+be+数词+量词+形容词Eg.He is 2.26 meters tall.10. (1)play for为……效力(2)play against与……比赛(3) play with 玩某物/与某人玩11. dream of/about(doing)sth.梦见……12. grow（过去式grew）(1)做“生长”讲，不及物动词Eg:The flowers grow very well.(2)做“种植”讲，及物动词Eg:I grow some flowers in my garden.13. spend & cost & take花费Spend(人做主语)花费时间和金钱Sb. spend…in some place某人在某地度过多长时间Sb. spend…(in) doing sth.某人花费时间或金钱做某事Sb. spend…on sth.某人在某事上花费金钱或时间Cost（物做主语）花费金钱Sth. cost sb. some money某物花费某人多少钱Take（it做主语）花费时间It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间14. be good/bad for…对……有益处/害处15. exercise n.锻炼，做操，练习，习题 v.锻炼do exercise 做运动. 做锻炼do eye exercises 做眼保健操（分节时exercise加-s）do morning exercises 做早操16. be good at 擅长于…的be good at sth.=do well in sth.擅长某事be good at doing sth.=do well in doing sth.擅长做某事17. keep healthy= keep fit 保持健康18. make & keepMake(1)make+宾语+adj.“使…保持…”Eg: You make me happy.(2)make+宾语+n.Eg: We made him monitor.(3)make+宾语+do sth.=ask+宾语+to do sth.Eg: My mom makes me clean the room.=My mom asks me to clean the room.(4)make+宾语 doing sth,使某人一直做某事Keep(1)keep+adj.Eg:Keep quiet.(2)keep+宾语+adj“使…保持….”Eg:These gloves will keep your hands warm.(3)keep doing sth. 一直做某事(4)keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(5)keep a pet 养一个宠物19. be popular with sb.对某人来说很受欢迎（受到某人的喜爱）20. arrive in+大地点（城市. 国家……）到达……arrive at+小地点（乡村. 车站……注意：飞机场是小地点）到达……Attention:arrive,get 后可直接加地点副词21. leave 离开（过去式为left） leave (A) for B （从A处）动身前往B地注意：leave是趋向动词，常用现在进行时表将来，类似动词还有：come，go，arrive，stay等Leave还可以当“把……留下”22. excited人感到兴奋的exciting （物）令人感到兴奋的类似的词还有：interested---interestingrelaxed---relaxingbored---boringsurprised---surprisingshocked---shockingtired---tiring等等23. a number of+可数名词复数=many+可数名词复数“大量的，许多的”谓语动词用复数the number of+可数名词复数，“…的数量”，谓语动词用单数Number用large,small修饰 & Price用high和low修饰,U1T2
1.One of+可数名词复数，表示“……其中之一”，其谓语动词用单数2.fall ill生病，得病（fall为系动词，后面加形容词）be ill & fall illfall ill强调动作，短暂性动词词组，不能和“for+时间段”连用be ill强调状态，是持续性行为，可以和“for+时间段”连用3. be glad to do sth.乐意做某事4. 句式：Would you mind (not)+v.-ing+其它？回答：I am sorry… /I'd afraid you'd better not.(委婉拒绝)Certainly not./Of course not./No, not at all./Never mind.(赞同和接受对方建议)其它用法：(1)Would you mind+形容词性物主代词/宾格+doing sth.Eg: Would you mind my/me smoking here?(2)Would you mind +if 从句？Eg：Would you mind if I smoke ?=Would you mind my smoking?5. 双宾语结构：kick sth. to sb.=kick sb. sth.把某物体给某人pass sth. to sb.=pass sb. sth.把某物传给某人6. shout to sb.冲某人高声喊shout at sb.冲某人（生气地）叫喊，有骂的含义7. have a fight(n.) with sb.=fight(v.) with sb.与某人争论或打架注意：fight for sth.为……而奋斗fight against…与……作斗争（争吵）8. do one's best=try one's best尽某人最大努力do one's best to do sth.尽某人最大努力去做某事9. be angry with sb.因某人而生气be angry with sb. for sth. 因某人做了某事而生气be angry at/about sth.因某事而生气10. be sorry for/about (doing) sth.因（做了）某事而感到抱歉11. have fun (in ) doing sth.在做某事中获得了极大乐趣12. be sure that +从句，表示确信……如果sure后面的主语和前面的主语是同一个，就用“be sure to do sth.如果不是同一个主语就用“be sure that……”补充：be sure of/about……对…确信/肯定/有把握，后面可以是名词或代词13. （1）at first起初，一开始 First of all首先，尤为重要的是（反义词组at last）(2)so that…(引导目的状语从句)“为了…,以便于…”& so+adj./adv.+that…(引导结果状语从句)“如此…以至于…”拓展：too…to…“太…以至于不能…”not …enough to “不足够…做某事”14. throw…through…“扔…穿过…”15. throw…away扔掉，抛弃throw…around(about)乱扔throw…into把…扔进…throw…out of…把…抛出去16. stop sb. (from) doing sth.=prevent…(from)doing sth.=keep…from doing sth.阻止某人做某事17. for example& such asfor example+句子，前为句号，后有逗号，可放在句首. 句中. 句末such as+名词或名词性短语，放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，前为逗号，后没有逗号18. （1）some of+[C]复数/宾格人称代词复数，谓语动词用复数，意为“…其中一些…（2）some of+[U],谓语动词用单数拓展：many of+可数名词复数，“…中的很多（人或事）”much of+不可数名词“…中的很多”19. turn… into…将…变成…turn & get & becometurn,指性质. 品质. 状态. 颜色放生变化，后面加形容词或名词        turn A into B“把A变成B”get，多用于口语，表示一种变化过程，强调“渐渐变得”，后面加形容词的比较级become,多指身份. 职位等的变化，强调变化的结果，后面加形容词20. 用v.-ing表示伴随状语，前后两句中间有逗号21. hit one's head=hit sb. on the head打某人的头22. be+v.-过去分词，表示被动23. by（prep.）+doing sth. 通过某种方式去做某事24. be angry at/about sth.对于某事很生气U1T31.   Sb. do sth. for the first time.=It's the first time for sb. to do sth.=It's one's first time to do sth.这是某人第一次去做某事2. Let's make(约定) it half past six.注意：这里的时间前不加at3. a symbol of(名词词组)，“…的标志”stand for(动词词组)，“代表，象征”4. each+可数名词单数，“每一个”5. every：①every+可数名词单数②句式：every+基数词+名词复数Eg: every four years“每四年，每隔三年”every three days“每三天，每隔两天”6. have the chance to do sth.有机会去做某事7. one day 有一天，可用在将来时，也可以是过去时the other day 不久前的一天，用于一般过去时8. be able to do sth.(可用于各种时态)=can do sth.（只有一般现在时和一般过去时）“能够做某事”9. with the help of sb. =with one's help 在某人的帮助下10. be going to & will & shall（一般将来时）a)be going to+动词原形①表示打算. 近期要做的事情                 ②有迹象表明即将发生的事b)will+动词原形①表示带意愿色彩的将来或客气的邀请或命令时②表示说话人认为某事会发生③客观事情的发生与主观愿望或判断无关c)shall+动词原形，主语为第一人称①表示未来的事实或对将来的预测②表示带意愿色彩的将来或客气的邀请或命令时d)be+v.-ing表示将来（位移动词）：start/leave/fly/move/go/stay/come/arrive等11. for the first time“首次，第一次”在句子中做时间状语12. make friends交朋友make friends with sb. 与……交朋友

Topic1 I’m going to play basketball.

1. 常见的感官动词有：see, watch, hear, notice, smell等。后可接 ① 动词ing形式，表此动作正在发生。如：“看见某人正在做某事” see sb. doing sth② 动词原形，不表此动作正在发生, 表此动作已完成或存在的事实。如：看见某人做了某事”see sb.do sth.2. hope后可加①hope to do sth. ②hope + that从句3. win 过去式为won, winner胜利者.4. Would you like + to do? 表建议或邀请。常用I’d love to 或I’d be glad to来回答，不同意也常 用 “I’d love to, but… ” 来拒绝别人。5. cheer sb on (以欢呼)激励某人，为某人加油，向某人欢呼后接 名词，放在cheer on的中间和后面都可以；人称代词，则必须放在中间。
关掉灯turn off the light/turn the light off关掉它 turn it off6. prefer 意为“更喜欢”，其后可接名词、动名词或动词不定式。如：(1)prefer A to B 相比A更喜欢B(2)prefer doing A to doing B 相比做A更喜欢做B(3)prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不愿做B7. 与how构成的疑问词有：How tall(身高)多高; how high(山)多高；how heavy多重；how long 多长；How wide 多宽；how deep 多深；how old 多大…. (how + adj.)how often 多经常how long 多久8. play for 为某个队效力；play against 与某个队比赛；play with 玩某物/与某人玩 9. once a week, 一周一次twice a week一周两次three times a week 一周三次four times a week 一周四次三次或三次以上用“数字+times”扩展：对once a week提问，要用how often提问10. exercise “体操、练习”，可数名词。如：do morning exercises; do English exercises“锻炼，运动”，不可数名词。如：do exercise“锻炼，运动”，动词。如：She exercises every morning.11. be good at…= do well in…擅长于…如：I am good at English.= I do well in English.be good for… 对…有好处，Running is good for your health.反义词为：be bad at= do badly in 不擅长…. be bad for 对… 有害12. make/keep sb./sth. + adj使某人/某物怎么样  make sb./sth. + do sth.使某人/某物做某事13. leave + 地点“离开某地” leave for + 地点“动身前往某地”leave + 地点 + for +地点“离开某地去某地”14. (1) join 加入+（人群，组织）He joined in the game.(2) take part in = join in = be in 参加+（活动，比赛）I’ll be in the relay race. We’ll join the army.15. grow up 长大成人。如：when I grow up, I want to work in Shenzhen.(2) grow过去式为grew，做“生长”讲时为不及物动词，做“种植”讲时为及物动词。16. (1) spend some time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事spend还可用于“spend some time/money on sth.”在某事上花费时间/金钱。如：I spend an hour in practicing English every day.扩展：take, cost和pay也可指花费，但用法不同。① take的主语一般it固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth. 表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。 如：It takes me an hour to do my homework every day.② cost的主语必须是“物”。固定句型sth. cost(s) sb. some money 结构中。如： 如：The book cost me 30 yuan last week.③ pay的主语是人，固定句型pay... for。如; He paid 5 yuan for this pen.17. 表到达的有：① arrive at + (小地名)；arrive in +（大地名）② get to + 宾语 ③ reach + 宾语。Topic 2 We should learn teamwork.1. one of + 可数名词复数 + 谓单，译为“......之一”2. Would you mind (not) doing sth. 你介意(别)做某事吗？（礼貌地请求某人做或别做某事） Would you mind my smoking here? (I)（常用物主代词 my, her, his, our 等）PS：(不介意) 肯定回答：Not at all . / Of course not. / Certainly not.( 介意 ) 否定回答：Sorry, I won’t. /Yes, please don’t. / You’d better not.3. keep的用法: ① keep (sb) doing sth. 让某人一直做某事② keep + adj保持怎么样4. something, anything, nothing等都是不定代词，当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词或特殊疑问词的时候，修饰词要放在这些被修饰词的后面。something important重要的事情；Anything else?还有别的吗？Nothing serious 不严重5. be sorry for 表为……道歉，后面接名词、代词、从句或动名词。be sorry to do sth. 抱歉去做某事。 6. be sure的用法① be sure to do sth.. 确信要做某事（表将来）It’s sure to rain. 肯定要下雨。② be sure +(that)从句,We are sure that we will win next time.have fun (in) doing sth做某事有乐趣7. It is + 形容词＋(for sb.) + to do sth. 意为“（对某人而言）做……是……样的”8. a large number of 大量的许多, 后接谓语动词复数形式 the number of ... 的数量，后接谓语动词单数形式9. lost为lose的过去式lose失去；lose one’s life丧命lose输掉 lose in the game输掉比赛lose迷失；lose one’s way迷路；lose oneself in...迷失于……10. finish (doing) sth.完成（做）某事11. (1) through 介词，意为“通过，穿过”，指从物体的中间通过、穿过 across介词，意为“通过，穿过”，指从物体的表面通过、穿过Topic3 The school sports meet is coming.1. 合成形容词：(1)'s八百米竞赛 800 meters'race三分钟的路程 three minutes'walk(2)连字符“-” 男子八百米竞赛 800-meter race三分钟的路程 three-minute walk2. be in + 活动，表“参加某活动， 相当于take part in 和 join in3. exciting adj. 意为“令人激动的，令人兴奋的”，与其搭配的常是某物 。excited adj. 意为“感到激动的，感到兴奋的”，与其搭配的主语通常是人。 (类似的词还有interesting 和interested, tired 和 tiring等)4. It’s one’s first time to do sth. 是某人第一次做… 如：It’s her first time to cook dinner.5. have lots of fun. ① 此处 fun 为不可数名词，译为“乐趣”形容词为funny玩得很愉快 have a good time enjoy oneself ② have fun doing sth. 做某事有趣 6. 约定在...几点make it + 时刻 (注意没有at)make 定，约定。7. can/be able to区别can 用在现在时和过去时be able to 用于各种时态can和be able to不能连用

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